离心对脂肪颗粒活性影响的研究

目的:明确离心对脂肪颗粒活性的影响,为脂肪移植术中纯化脂肪颗粒时是否采用离心以及选择最佳离心速率提供参考。方法:将脂肪颗粒经不同高速率(1　000、2　000、3　000、4　000rpm)及不同低速率(600、800、1　000rpm)离心后,即刻进行葡萄糖转移实验——即将每组脂肪颗粒样本分为 12 个标本,每个标本 5ml,置入 10ml 含糖 DMEM 中孵育,1h 后检测其葡萄糖转移量,此值代表各标本的活性,方差分析检验比较各组样本葡萄糖转移量即活性大小。将经不同速率 (600、1　000、2　000、3　000rpm)离心的脂肪颗粒放置 4.5h 后再进行葡萄糖转移实验(方法同上),方差分析检验比较各组脂肪颗粒葡萄糖转移量即活性变化。经静置、3　000rpm 离心的两组脂肪颗粒分别植入 6 只裸鼠背部皮下,每只注射 4 点,每点 0.2ml。15 周后取出移植物,测量残留体积、重量并比较之。每组取两个移植物送病理学检查。结果:脂肪颗粒经不同高、低离心速率处理后的即刻活性随离心速率的增大而显著降低(P<0.05),而经不同高、低离心速率处理再放置 4.5h 后,各离心组样本活性变得差异不显著(P>0.05),但仍较对照组(静置组)明显降低(P<0.05)。静置悬浮和 3　000rpm 离心的两组样本植入裸鼠背部皮下 15 周后,残留体积、重量差异不显著(P>0.05),　组织病理     

早产儿转运过程的监护

随着急诊转运医学及新生儿重症监护医学的发展,新生儿转运医学应运而生。转运工作是将危重新生儿从基层医院转往三级医院的NICU作进一步监护、诊断及治疗的过程。它不是一个简单的运送过程,而是一个连续的监护治疗过程。成功的转运对于降低危重新生儿的死亡率及伤残率有着积极的意义[1],而恰当的救护是成功转运的保证。2004年1月~2005年12月我科共转运早产儿57例,本文现将早产儿转运过程中救护措施报告如下。1对象选择2004年1月~2005年12月在我科住院的早产儿57例,男性39例,女性18例。日龄<24h 42例,24~72h 13例,4~7d 2例。胎龄<28周5例,2…     

Changing the College AOD Environment for Primary Prevention

Identifying environmental factors reflected to alcohol use is important for program planning and evaluation in college alcohol and drug prevention programs. Little has been written concerning uses of data in environmental prevention efforts. This paper presents four brief interrelated case studies of how environmental modifications were used by a college alcohol prevention project to 1) change the marketing practices and service policies of a student-oriented bar, 2) alter the sales practices of a campus bookstore concerning alcohol paraphernalia, 3) to develop a campaign with the goal of reducing risk factors related to heavy drinking at private student parties, and 4) stop an unsafe bus from transporting students to bars in Mexico. Creative use of such environmental prevention approaches has potential benefit to colleges and universities concerned with the primary prevention of alcohol-related problems experienced by students.     

对医院医疗输送新模式的探索

为解决长期困扰医院的医疗输送问题，更好地为临床一线服务，医院对原有的医疗输送模式进行了改革。将原来的分散管理、分散工作的输送模式改为集中管理、集中工作的模式、建立了“医疗输送中心”，并确定了输送模式。2年多来“医疗输送中心”运行的经验表明，医疗输送新模式使医院的医疗输送达到“以病人为中心，服务为宗旨、满意为目标”的目的。     

Shaping ability of the M4 handpiece and Safety Hedstrom Files in simulated root canals

The aim of this study was to assess the shaping ability of the M4 reciprocating handpiece and Safety Hedstrom files in simulated canals. A total of 40 simulated canals of various angles and positions of curvature were prepared with an M4 handpiece using Safety Hedstrom files oriented with the ground, flattened surface towards the inner aspect of the curve. A standard regimen was adopted throughout. Pre- and post-operative longitudinal images of the canals were taken with a video camera and stored and manipulated in a computer with image analysis software. The presence of canal aberrations and the amount and location of resin material removed as a result of preparation were determined from composite images of superimposed pre- and post-operative views. Preparation time varied significantly (P<0.001) between the canal types; overall, 20° canals were prepared more quickly than 40° canals. Zips and elbows were observed in 16 out of the 40 canals with most (11) being created in 40° specimens. Ledges were found in 19 canals and perforations in only 1. There were no significant differences between canal shapes for these aberrations. Excessive removal of material from the inner aspect of the canal at the curve to create a danger zone was found in 20 canals, but only in those with 40° curves. Significant differences in total canal width between the canal types were seen at the zips (P<0.05), elbows (P<0.05) and danger zones (P<0.001). Transportation at the danger zones varied significantly (P<0.001) between canal types. Under the conditions of this study, the M4 handpiece and Safety Hedstrom files created hour-glass preparations in a substantial proportion of canals. In reality, the Safety Hedstrom file with its one flattened surface was ineffective at reducing removal of material along the inner aspect of canal curves in severely curved specimens and clearly has the potential to create strip perforations in teeth.     

Comparing neighborhood and state contexts for women living with and without HIV: understanding the Southern HIV epidemic

In the South, people living with HIV experience worse health outcomes than in other geographic regions, likely due to regional political, structural, and socioeconomic factors. We describe the neighborhoods of women (n?=?1,800) living with and without HIV in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), a cohort with Southern sites in Chapel Hill, NC; Atlanta, GA; Birmingham, AL; Jackson, MS; and Miami, FL; and non-Southern sites in Brooklyn, NY; Bronx, NY; Washington, DC; San Francisco, CA; and Chicago, IL. In 2014, participants’ addresses were geocoded and matched to several administrative data sources. There were a number of differences between the neighborhood contexts of Southern and non-Southern WIHS participants. Southern states had the lowest income eligibility thresholds for family Medicaid, and consequently higher proportions of uninsured individuals. Modeled proportions of income devoted to transportation were much higher in Southern neighborhoods (Location Affordability Index of 28–39% compared to 16–23% in non-Southern sites), and fewer participants lived in counties where hospitals reported providing HIV care (55% of GA, 63% of NC, and 76% of AL participants lived in a county with a hospital that provided HIV care, compared to >90% at all other sites). Finally, the states with the highest adult incarceration rates were all in the South (per 100,000 residents: AL 820, MS 788, GA 686, FL 644). Many Southern states opted not to expand Medicaid, invest little in transportation infrastructure, and have staggering rates of incarceration. Resolution of racial and geographic disparities in HIV health outcomes will require addressing these structural barriers.     

A novel core-shell lipid nanoparticle for improving oral administration of water soluble chemotherapeutic agents: inhibited intestinal hydrolysis and enhanced lymphatic absorption

The oral administration of water-soluble chemotherapeutical agents is limited by their serious gastrointestinal side effects, instability at intestinal pH, and poor absorption. Aiming to solve these problems, we chose topotecan (TPT) as a model drug and developed a novel lipid formulation containing core-shell lipid nanoparticle (CLN) that makes the water-soluble drug to ‘dissolve’ in oil. TPT molecules can be encapsulated into nanoparticles surrounded by oil barrier while avoiding the direct contact with intestinal environment, thus easing the intestinal hydrolytic degradation and gastrointestinal (GI) irritation. Microstructure and mean particle size of TPT-CLN were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), respectively. The average size of nanoparticles was approximately 60?nm with a homogeneous distribution in shapes of spheres or ellipsoid. According to in vitro stability studies, more initial form of TPT was observed in presence of lipid nanoparticle compared with free topotecan solution in artificial intestinal juice (pH 6.5). After oral administration of TPT-CLN in rats, AUC and C_max of TPT were all increased compared with free TPT, indicating significant enhancement of oral absorption. Intestinal lymphatic transport was confirmed as the major way for CLN to enhance oral absorption of TPT by the treatment of blocking chylomicron flow. Lower GI irritation of TPT-CLN was observed in the gastrointestinal damage studies. The in vivo antitumor activity of TPT-CLN showed an improved antitumor efficacy by oral treatment of TPT-CLN compared to free TPT. From the obtained data, the systems appear an attractive progress in oral administration of topotecan.     

基于Mamdani模糊推理的槽罐车运输安全评价

针对危化品道路运输安全问题,利用Mamdani型模糊推理系统对其进行研究。为使安全评价模型满足实时性要求,以槽罐车状态监测系统监测的变量为依据构建评价指标体系,然后建立包含5种安全状态的评价集,确定了隶属度函数和推理规则,最后将该模型用于研究LNG槽罐车气体泄漏时的安全状态。该模型可以对槽罐车运输安全状态进行评价,对驾驶员决策提供指导,具有应用潜力。     

药品运输包装的性能测试浅析

运输包装是以运输储存为主要目的的产品包装,其性能优劣将直接影响货物流通期间的产品质量。药品开发过程中,国内企业往往较为重视内包装的选择与研究,而容易忽视药品流通过程中潜在的运输风险,忽略对运输包装实际性能的有效检测及评价。本文论述了药品运输包装性能测试的必要性,分析对比了国内外药品申报注册的相关现状,并通过介绍药品运输包装的性能测试中的可参考标准,尤其是美国材料与试验协会《运输容器系统性能检测标准规范》(ASTM D4169),以期为药品运输包装的性能测试及评价提供相应思路及参考。